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Is One Fly Too Many?
(Article from QA – Quality Assurance and Food Safety magazine, May/June 2010. Used with permission by QA Media,
www.qualityassurancemag.com)
That pesky insect buzzing around your food is known by the (mentionable) names of house fly, common fly, filth fly or, simply, the fly. But by any name, this familiar flying Musca domestica is a plant sanitarian’s nightmare.
With fermenting vegetables and garbage refuse among its favorite feeding and breeding sites, there is little doubt that this common fly will pass along pathogens and disease organisms when it lands on a food, food container or food-contact surface. In addition to carrying the bacteria on its “feet,” a fly cannot digest solids, so it excretes stomach acids and regurgitates wherever it comes to rest.
The house fly has been shown to carry the disease organisms causing typoid fever, cholera, summer diarrhea, dysentery, tuberculosis, anthrax and ophthalmia as well as parasitic worms. Even more relevant to food processors, this filth fly has been implicated as a vector of the food-poisoning bacteria E. coli and Salmonella.
Under most conditions of a typical urban environment, no one should have to suffer flies indoors. But with its ever-present attractants for flies, a food plant often needs to go a step above the norm to keep these filth flies at bay. To do so, a six-step approach is recommended:
1. Sanitation. Pure and simply, sanitation is the key in eliminating fly infestations, because it removes the odors that attract the flies and the food supply that enables them to live and breed. Sanitation should be maintained year round in any plant, but must be especially thorough during warm weather when fly activity is at its peak.
2. Cultural measures. Practices should be altered or designed to minimize potential breeding sites around buildings. When ample food and egg-laying sites are available, most adult flies will remain near their breeding habitat. Thus, sanitation again comes into play, with external cleaning and sanitation critical to limiting fly numbers near the plant by reducing fly attractants. In addition, whenever possible and permissible, a plant should ask its pest management service provider to check adjacent properties for fly breeding sources. While flies can travel long distances, most flies found in and around a building originate from breeding sources on or near the property.
3. Exclusion. Despite your best sanitation efforts, flies are attracted to plants because of odors and preferred temperatures that radiate from the building. Thus, doors should be equipped with self-closing devices; doors and windows be well-maintained at all times; cracks sealed; and care taken to keep employees from propping doors open during breaks.
4. Mechanical Control. Devices to trap or exclude flies include those such as:
Air doors - create a wall of strong air to keep flies from entering. But it is critical that these be correctly installed, or they can suck flies into the building.
Insect light traps (ILT) – Because flies are attracted to light, ILTs can provide good round-the-clock control where permitted by law. In addition, examination of an ILT’s insect catch can augment its pupose as a monitoring tool.
Baits - can be effectively used outside around trash areas and in livestock operations. Placing bait inside a fly station can protect the bait and extend its life.
Traps - can provide non-toxic fly control in exterior areas such as loading docks and livestock operations where flies can be a major issue. Traps are available in many types, styles and sizes.
5. Legal Issues. In addition to federal regulations and GMPs, many states, counties, cities and towns have and enforce their own specific health codes containing sections on prohibition of vermin. It can be advantageous to be proactive in forming a working relationship with local enforcement officials and participating in health officer associations.
6. Insecticide treatment. Treatment with insecticides should be performed only after the consideration and implementation of the previous five initiatives. In most cases, application will be limited to specific sites where adult flies land to rest, and, in food plants, application is further limited by label restrictions for food areas and/or food-contact surfaces.
Excerpted from “Handbook of Pest Control” by Arnold Mallis (GIE Media).
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